falls die neue studie auch von prof schirmacher! schon gepostet wurde - verzeihung ich lese die threads derzeit nur mehr sporadisch.
Autopsy-based histopathological characterization of myocarditis after anti-SARS-CoV-2-vaccination
Results
Among the 35 cases of the University of Heidelberg, autopsies revealed other causes of death (due to pre-existing illnesses) in 10 patients (Supplementary Table 1). Hence, these were excluded from further analysis. Cardiac autopsy findings consistent with (epi-)myocarditis were found in five cases of the remaining 25 bodies found unexpectedly dead at home within 20 days following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Main characteristics of the five cases are presented in Table 2, while further autopsy findings are shown in Supplementary Table 2. Three of the deceased persons were women, two men. Median age at death was 58 years (range 46–75 years). Four persons died after the first vaccine jab, the remaining case after the second dose. All persons died within the first week following vaccination (mean 2.5 days, median 2 days). Clinical findings, blood tests, ECGs or imaging data were not available as deceased persons did not seek medical attention prior to death. Person 1 was found dead 12 h after the vaccination. A witness described a rattling breath shortly before discovering circulatory failure. Person 2 complained about nausea and was found dead soon thereafter. Resuscitation was started immediately but without success, respectively. The other persons were found dead at home without available information about terminal symptoms. According to the available information provided at the time of autopsies, none of the deceased persons had SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to vaccination and nasopharyngeal swabs were negative in all cases.
Table 2 Case characteristicsFull size tableHistological examination showed inflammatory infiltration of the myocardium. The infiltrate was focal and interstitial in all cases. It was predominantly detected in sections taken from the right ventricular wall and interventricular septum. The histological and immunohistochemical characterization revealed that the inflammatory infiltrate was predominantly composed of lymphocytes. The number of CD3-positive T-cells by far outnumbered the few CD20-positive B-cells detected. In addition, most T-cells belonged to the CD4-positive subset, while only scattered CD8-positive T-cells were seen (Fig. 1, 2, Supplementary Fig. 1/2). The T cells were negative for Tbet as a marker for Th1 cells, GATA3 as a marker for Th2 cells, D2-40, as a marker for Th17 cells (Supplementary Fig. 2). In addition, FOXP3 positive regulatory T cells and CD21 positive follicular dendritic cells were not detected within the cardiac infiltrates, while control cases, including cases of sarcoidosis were positive (Supplementary Fig. 2/3). Immunohistochemistry for CD68 showed few interspersed histiocytes (Fig. 2, Supplementary Fig. 1). Microfocal myocyte injury was demonstrable in three cases (patient 1, 2 and 3). No granulomas were found. All cases lacked significant coronary heart disease, acute or chronic manifestations of ischaemic heart disease, manifestations of cardiomyopathy or other signs of a pre-existing, clinically relevant heart disease.
Fig. 1[Blockierte Grafik: https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00392-022-02129-5/MediaObjects/392_2022_2129_Fig1_HTML.jpg]
A Lymphocytic aggregates in the interventricular septum of case 1 with associated myocardiocyte destruction. B The infiltrate is predominantly composed of CD3-positive T-lymphocytes and C CD68-positive macrophages. D In lower magnification two foci of CD4-positive lymphocytes are evident (D)
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Fig. 2[Blockierte Grafik: https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00392-022-02129-5/MediaObjects/392_2022_2129_Fig2_HTML.jpg]
A Inflammatory focus in the left ventricular wall of case 2. B The infiltrate is predominantly composed of CD68-positive macrophages and C CD3-positive T-lymphocytes with (D) co-expression of CD4
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In most cases, an inflammatory infiltration of the epicardium and the subepicardial fat tissue was concomitantly found (cases 2, 3, 4 and 5; Supplementary Fig. 4) and revealed an identical immunophenotype. (T-cell dominant; CD4 > > CD8). In case 2, a prominent CD4-positive lymphocytic infiltration was also recorded at the jab site of the deltoidal muscle (Fig. 3). Analysis for potential infectious agents causing a myocarditis revealed low viral copy numbers of human herpes virus 6 (HHV6) in one case (case 5). The results of the other four cases were negative for all infectious agents tested, but demonstrated regular amplification of the GAPDH control suggesting adequate nucleic acid quality for analysis.
Fig. 3[Blockierte Grafik: https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00392-022-02129-5/MediaObjects/392_2022_2129_Fig3_HTML.jpg]
A The jab site in the deltoid muscle reveals focal inflammation. The composition is similar to the phenotype of the myocardial infiltrates showing predominantly, B CD3 and C CD4-coexpressing lymphocytes and D interspersed CD68-positive macrophages
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In three cases, the overall autopsy findings, in particular presence of (epi-)myocarditis in combination with the absence of other plausible causes of death (especially pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, severe brain infarction or bleeding, other cardiac disease), together with the close temporal association with the vaccination event lead to the conclusion that vaccination was the likely cause of (epi-)myocarditis and that this cardiac affection was the cause of sudden death. For case 5, myocarditis was considered to be the cause of death as well, but the detection of HHV6, even in low viral copy numbers provided an alternative explanation for the presence of myocarditis. With regard to the question of a fatal AEFI, case 5 was therefore classified as “possible”. For case 3 no other cause for the inflammatory infiltration was found, but the infiltrate was discrete and mainly observed in the pericardial fat. Thus, case 3 was categorized as possible AEFI as well. We did not find an obvious association between the infiltrates and endothelial cells (CD31, D2-40), mesothelial cells (calretinin), or neural cells (S100). During the last 20 years of autopsy service at Heidelberg University Hospital we did not observe comparable myocardial inflammatory infiltration. This was validated by histological re-evaluation of age- and sex-matched cohorts from three independent periods, which did not reveal a single case showing a comparable cardiac pathology.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00392-022-02129-5
die resultate habens in sich! ansich für den gut informierten keine überraschung "aber jetzt ist vieles amtlich, was eigentlich nicht sein darf."
bg bh
klicke bis zum ende des "wettbewerbes" keine links mehr von dir ![[smilie_happy]](https://goldseiten-forum.com/wcf/images/smilies/smilie_happy_058.gif "smilie_happy"){kind=small}
